Shanghai tourism and history

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　　Shanghai, also named "Hu" or "Shen" in short, is situated at 31"14' north latitude and 121"29' east longitude, and in the middle of China's east coastline. It occupies a total area of 6,341sq.km. (of which Pudong new Area occupies 523sq.km.), with a total resident population of 16,000,000. It has a pleasant climate, with four distinct seasons. The average temperature is around 18oC and the annual precipitation is 1,240mm.
　　Shanghai, an open city on the coast and a famous historical and cultural city, is a gate to the Yangtze River delta. It is a municipality under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Government, the largest economic and trade center, a comprehensive industrial base and the leading port in China.
　　Shanghai is well known in the world not only for its prosperous cosmopolitan feature but also for its rich humanistic resources. In recent years, a number of modem buildings have been added to the city, such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Library, Shanghai Stadium, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Circus City, Shanghai City-Planning Exhibition Hall and Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum. They have become new scenic sights in Shanghai. Colorful festivities, like Shanghai Tourism Festival and Shanghai China International Art Festival, have attracted an increasing number of tourists from home and overseas.
　　Shanghai's tourist infrastructure is getting more and more accomplished. By the end of 2002, there were 40 international travel services, 524 domestic travel services and 300 star-rated hotels with about 50,000 rooms. Shanghai is an ideal "paradise for shoppers". There are commercial streets and shopping areas like the famous Nanjing Road Pedestrian Mall, Huaihai Road, Sichuan Bei Road, Yuyuan Commercial and Tourist Area, the Ever Bright Commercial City, Xujiahui Commercial City and Zhangyang Road Commercial City in Pudong. There, shops stand rows upon rows with large collections of beautiful commodities, meeting the needs of tourists of different levels. Shanghai is also the paradise for gourmets. There are over a thousand restaurants serving the 16 different styles of food in China, such as the Beijing, Sichuan, Guangdong, Yangzhou, Fujian, etc. There are Western restaurants serving French, Russian, Italian, English, German, Japanese and Indian food and also Muslim and vegetarian food. In Shanghai, one can have a taste of all the delicacies in the world. Shanghai is well developed in communications by land, water and air. There are over 40 Chinese and foreign air companies opening about 300 air routes dispatching from Shanghai. Shanghai Railway Station dispatches everyday 80 pairs of trains back and forth from Shanghai. There are the Shanghai-Nanjing, Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Freeways. The Pudong International Airport has opened for traffic. Its annual passenger transport volume will be 20,000,000 person/times. Plus that of the Hongqiao International Airport, it will be 30,000,000 person/times. Subways No.1 and 2 and the light-rail first phase project are in operation. Together with the 10 special tour bus lines connecting Shanghai with neighbouring tourist areas, they will render faster service and more convenience in urban communications to tourists. Recently, the magnetic buoyant train has been opened to the public. It offers travelers a zero height of flight at 430 km/hr.
　　On Dec. 3, 2002, Shanghai succeeded in winning the bid for the sponsorship of World Expo 2010. The world has given China a share of luck and Shanghai will add more splendor to the world Shanghai is ushering in excellent opportunities for development. People of Shanghai warmly welcome visitors from home and overseas.

Shanghai history

　　Shanghai has much influence on China's history for several hundred years. From textual research we have found that 5,000 years ago during the period of the Songze culture, Shanghai already took the shape of a plain in the Changjiang River Delta. Our ancestors had lift their footprints here. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Shanghai belonged to the Wu State. During the the Period of the Warring States, Shanghai first belonged to the Yue State and then to the Chu State. King Lie of the Chu State appointed Huang Xie as his prime minister and bestowed him the title of Lord Chunshen. Shanghai was part of his feoff. The other name of Shanghai "Shen" was derived from this. Shanghai has another name "Hu", which came from "hudu".In ancient times, the fishermen is Shanghai invented a bamboo fishing device called "hu", ("Du" in Chinese means "creek".) This area was called "Hu Du" before it became known as Shanghai. The name "Shanghai" actually came into being during the Song Dynasty, when Shanghai was then becoming a new rising trading port. There were then in Shanghai 18 creeks, one of which was called Shanghai Creek, a section of the Huangpu River from the Bund to Shiliupu. On its western bank was a Shanghai Town; the name "Shanghai" was derived from this. During the Yuan Dynasty, Shanghai Town had greatyly developed and set up a shippin administration. Later on,the town was promoted to a county, which consisted of today's urban areas, Shanghai, Qingpu, Nanhui and Chuansha Counties. By the Ming Dynasty, Shanghai had already become China's largest textile center and business was developing fast. In the 24 th year of Qing Emperor Kngxi's reign (1685), the Qing government set up in Shanghai the customs. During the reigns of Qing Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing, Shanghai gradually became China/s major trading port and water transportation center for grains. It was then known as "A place accessible by sea and rivers; a capital in the southeast".

　　In 1843, after the Opium War, Shanghai was forced to become an open port by the colonialists, In 1845, Britain first set up its concession in Shanghai. In 1848, the United States set up its concession, the followed by France in 1849. In 1863, the British and American concessions amalgamated into the Chinese Section, the International Settlement and the French Concession. In the 100 years since 1943, Shanghai had become an important port for the foreign colonialists to dump their goods, ravaged raw materials and money. Shanghai was thus known as "A Paradise of the Adventurers".

　　On July 7,1927, Shanghai was proclaimed as a special municipality. In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the concessions were reclaimed. On May 27, 1949, Shanghai was really liberated. Through the continual and long-term reform and construction by the successive municipal governments and the people, Shanghai has become an important industrial and commercial base in new China. In the 20 years of reform and opening to the outside world (1978-1998), especially after Deng Xiaoping, the chief designer of our reform and opening policy, made his speech on his inspection tour of the south, Shanghai has been developing and changing with every passing day and has become China's center of economy, science and technology, information and culture, an international modernized metropolis.

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